Rainwater harvesting is defined by wikipedia as the accumulation and deposition of rainwater for reuse onsite, rather than allowing it to run off. May 24, 2016 since its foundation in 2003, rain has been working with its partners to develop, spread and implement rainwater harvesting systems. The new publication, impacts of rainwater harvesting. The estimated mean amount of supplemental irrigation required from rainwater harvesting decreases progressively as the planting date shifts from february all the way to march.
In southern ethiopia, the farmers of konso are well known for their own traditional terraces, the best locally available technique for soil and water conservation. Gmst, scaling the probability distribution function pdf up or down with gmst to represent the climate of 1960 and 2015. Pdf clean water scarcity becomes a critical issue in many parts of ethiopia due to the high population growth, water pollution, and climate change find. Rainwater harvesting is defined as a method for inducing, collecting, storing and conserving local surface runoff rain or surface water flow that occurs when soil is infiltrated to full capacity for agriculture in arid and semiarid regions boers and benasher, 1982. Since then rainwater was harvested and stored in ponds for agricultural and domestic water supply. In ethiopia, promotion and application of rainwater harvesting techniques as. While this definition is basic, the practice of rainwater harvesting is greatly varied from where the rainwater is collected from to how the rainwater is ultimately used.
If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the catchment area is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply at the point of consumption. Social and economic potential of rainwater harvesting in. Rainwater harvesting is becoming increasingly popular as the availability of good quality water decreases. These stored waters are used for various purposes such as gardening, irrigation etc. The most common types of macrocatchment rwh ponds in the southern dry lands of ethiopia encompass underground rainwater ponds that could be of earthen ponds without any lining materials, lined with cement or covered with plastic sheets. Following a successful pilot project that was implemented in the borana region in ethiopia, rain foundation and erha ethiopian rainwater harvesting association, organised a. However, unlike its history, water is one of the most abundant. Pdf impact assessment of rainwater harvesting ponds. Rainwater harvesting for supplemental irrigation of onions. However, modern discussions of water harvesting require the. Rainwater harvesting is the simple process or technology used to conserve rainwater by collecting, storing, conveying and purifying of rainwater that runs off. Sketch of groundwater tank using rogand washer pump.
Impacts of rainwaterharvesting and socio economic factors. Aynalem ethiopia paper 2602 located in the eastern part of tigray region, ethiopia, saesietsaeda district has a total population of 30,829 people, most of whom are dependent on rainfed subsistence agriculture. As in many other cities, urbanization coupled with population growth worsens the water supply problem of addis ababa, ethiopia, with. Some of other advantages of rainwater harvesting include.
Globally speaking, most people know ethiopia because of news reports on its frequent drought and food scarcity. Assessing the potential for rooftop rainwater harvesting. Ethiopian rainwater harvesting association erha secretariat, addis ababa, ethiopia. Get a thorough understanding of dilla towns existing water supply identify strengths and issues complementing the general information obtained in phase 1 from the original scope. Concept of rainwater harvesting fordamestic and livestock water needs. Assessment of best practises and experience in water harvesting. The subject has assumed lot of significance in the present scenario. With rapid climatic changes, increase in global temperature and population growth, there is a scarcity of potable water in many countries across the world. Rainwater harvesting is best described as the technique by which rain water is accumulated and stored with the intention of reusing it during the dry season or when there is a drought. The rain water harvesting has the advantage of being low cost, relatively simple in design household technology, less laborious and time saving alem, 1999.
Water harvesting is the activity of direct collection of rainwater,which can be stored for direct use or can be recharged into the groundwater. Need of datasets including water saving, stormwater management and energy consumption aspects. Water harvesting techniques gather water from an area termed the catchment area and channel it to the cropping area or wherever it is required. Rainwater harvesting is the simple process or technology used to conserve rainwater by collecting, storing, conveying and purifying of rainwater that runs off from rooftops, parks, roads, open grounds, etc. Modern rainwater harvesting techniques steering towards. Rain objectives in ethiopia in general demonstrate the high potential of rainwater harvesting rwh demonstrate the high potential of various rwh technologies in combination with mus build capacities, promote interinstitutional cooperation around rwh, put. Potential of rain water harvesting for supplemental irrigation of onion in response to different times of planting at halaba, southern ethiopia. Rainwater harvesting is a technology used to collect, convey and store rain for later usage it involves direct collection and storage of the runoff rainwater for direct use in future. International livestock research institute ilri addis ababa, ethiopia. Harvesting rainwater can eliminate these problems while also eliminating the need for expensive stormwater controls. Rainwater harvesting is a technique used for collection and storage of rainwater from catchments areas kun et al. Pdf social and economic potential of rainwater harvesting in. In ethiopia, there are evidences that ancie00nt churches 4, monasteries and castles used to collect rainwater from rooftops habtamu 1999. Socioeconomic factors and adoption of rainwater harvesting.
Rainwater harvesting and management in the semiarid areas of. Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces. In short, rainwater harvesting is a process or technique of collecting, filtering, storing and using rainwater for irrigation and for various other purposes. The rainwater harvesting techniques have been in existence since decades now. Rainwater harvesting seminar and ppt with pdf report. Clean water scarcity becomes a critical issue in many parts of ethiopia due to the high population growth, water pollution and climate change.
This report is not intended to serve as a design document. During the rainy season, a great deal of water goes to waste, eventually reaching lakes or the ocean through trenches and rivers, which results in farmers and local communities complaining about the lack of water. Rainwater harvesting for supplemental irrigation of onions in. Water harvesting has been promoted in ethiopia on the basis of augmenting. Confirm if rainwater harvesting is a feasible path forward for improving water supplyaccess at the health center located in dilla, snpr, ethiopia. A rooftop rainwater harvesting system consists the following elements. The different usage of harvested rainwater can be for domestic purposes like cooking. Rainwater harvesting and health aspects working on who guidance. A case study of rainwater harvesting for domestic, livestock, environmental and agricultural use in kusa by orodi odhiambo, alex oduor and. The peculiar features, which make water harvesting interesting in this area include. Social and economic potential of rainwater harvesting in ethiopia.
Meet the rainwater harvesting champions of ethiopia, kenya. And indeed, drought conditions rainfall failure prevail more frequently in this country than in most others. According to th e same source, history of rainwater harvesting in ethiopia dates back as early as 560 bc by the axumite kingdom. The history of water harvesting in ethiopia dated back as early as the pre axumit period 560 bc habtamu, 1999. According to conway and schipper 2011, the dependency of farming system on rainfed agriculture has made the ethiopias agricultural. The idea behind this is to collect rainwater from the surfaces it falls on and store it in rainwater harvesting tanks. Draft project proposal on rainwater harvesting at nit campus. Community perception on rainwater harvesting systems for enhancing food security in dry lands of kenya. Pdf socioeconomic potential of rainwater harvesting in. It was a time when rainwater was harvested and stored in ponds for.
The practice of rain water harvesting is the collection of water through the use of scientific techniques. Dec 26, 2017 rainwater harvesting is a strategy of collection and storage space of rainwater into natural reservoirs or tanks, or the seepage of surface water into subsoil water channels. It is one of the purest form of water found on earth, because it is collected after it. Rainwater harvesting is a strategy of collection and storage space of rainwater into natural reservoirs or tanks, or the seepage of surface water into subsoil water channels. It provides information and case studies from countries around the world, in particular ethiopia, in which local communities are utilising a range of rainwater harvesting techniques to help. Rainwater harvesting is acknowledged as a sustainable source of water that has less impact on the environment. Water harvesting technologies a challenge to ethiopia iwmi. Rainwater harvesting and health aspects working on who.
Rain water harvesting can be effectively implemented in our office and residential complexes for conservation of rain water. To reduce the consumption of groundwater, many people around the world are using rainwater harvesting systems. Overview of the ethiopian rainwater harvesting association erha. So the overall objective and reason to utilize concepts and techniques of rainwater harvesting is to optimise the use of the available rainfall on any given location. Moreover embankment and excavated ponds20 for agriculture use and water supply, runoff farming and various types of soil moisture conservation techniques for crop production could be mentioned as examples nega, 2004.
In 2004, 17% of households in australia had rainwater as a source of water. There are more than 6000 ponds all functioning in this wereda. Various methods of rainwater harvesting are described in this section. Our earth is covered with 75% of water and 25% of land but water scarcity is a global issue because the large extent of water is not used for the domestic purpose, irrigation purpose and one of the solutions for such problem is the rainwater harvesting in the areas of regular rainfall, the perfect alternative to overcome the water. Rainwater harvesting advantages disadvantages aloaqua. Recent development in water harvesting in gursum than any parts of the country so far observed. Readers looking for design guidance should consult a more technicallyfocused publication, such as the texas manual onrainwater harvesting twdb, 2005. Results are based on data collected from a survey of 152 households and 1036 plots operated by the households. Our earth is covered with 75% of water and 25% of land but water scarcity is a global issue because the large extent of water is not used for the domestic purpose, irrigation purpose and one of the solutions for such problem is the rainwater harvesting. Rainwater can cause leaky basements, eroded foundations, overflowing sewers, soil erosion, and water pollution. Rain objectives in ethiopia in general demonstrate the high potential of rainwater harvesting rwh demonstrate the high potential of various rwh technologies in combination with mus build capacities, promote interinstitutional cooperation around rwh, put rwh for mus solidly on the agenda, into policies and budgets.
Community perception on rainwater harvesting systems for. Rainwater harvesting technology practices and implication of. The rain water harvesting techniques usually found in asia and africa originate from practices employed by ancient civilizations within these regions and these still serve as a major source of water supply in rural areas theib. Ethiopia have developed different farming technologies that can provide a basis on which to build improved land husbandry alamerew et al. Integrated rainwater harvesting practices and household. The high annual rainfall rates make rainwater harvesting one of the best options to mitigate water. A gis feasibility study ethiopia is a populous country in eastern africa that has three of the major tributaries to the nile river, which contribute about 86% of the combined nile water flow into the aswan dam, but ethiopia receives only 1% of that water reserve.
Overview of the ethiopian rainwater harvesting association erha meselech seyoum ethiopian rainwater harvesting association erha secretariat, addis ababa, ethiopia background the global concern water is a finite and limited resource upon which human wellbeing and socioeconomic development depend. Rainwater harvesting can coexist with and provide a good supplement to other water sources and utility systems, thus relieving pressure on other water sources. The study assesses the determinants of households adoption of rainwater harvesting ponds, and its impact on agricultural intensification and yield in alaba woreda, southern ethiopia. Since its foundation in 2003, rain has been working with its partners to develop, spread and implement rainwater harvesting systems.
Water harvesting is the collection of runoff for p roductive purposes. Rainwater harvesting is a very old technology and has been in parts of the world for more than 4000 years worm and hattum, 2006. Methods of rainwater harvesting components, transport and. The potential and reliability of macrocatchment rainwater harvesting for supplemental irrigation. Here of course one could note of the proximity to domestic and external market. Rainwater harvesting process, advantages and disadvantages. While this definition is basic, the practice of rainwater harvesting is greatly varied from where the rainwater is collected from to. In urban area rainwater flows away as surface runoff. It is one of the purest form of water found on earth, because it is collected after it has vaporized and is almost as good as distilled water.
What is rainwater harvesting, its importance and various. This has been included in indian railway works manual 2000 vide correction slip no. Plus, individuals, group houses, or even corporate enterprises can efficiently use this method on a daily basis. Much of the implemented systems do not consider the multipurpose nature of rwh.
Rural development and natural resource management masters. Rainwater harvesting and management in the semiarid areas. Overview of the ethiopian rainwater harvesting association. A case study of uvati and kawala sublocation in mwingi district, kenya. Modern rainwater harvesting techniques steering towards a. Rainwater harvesting is the collection and storage of rainwater for reuse onsite, rather than allowing it to run off. Assessment of best practises and experience in water. Rainwater harvesting and management in the semiarid areas of tigray region, ethiopia y. Water harvesting at its most basic involves the collection of rainwater that drains from an impervious surface and the use of that collected water for various purposes, from drinking to toilet flushing to landscape irrigation. Also, over 90% of the food supply comes from rain fed small holder agriculture, although there is an increase of largescale irrigated. In rural western australia 62% of the households owned. Policies for implementing water harvesting in arid regions. Conservation techniques conserve water within the biomass and the soil by reducing runoff and keeping the water where it falls, as much as possible. Ethiopias climate resilient green economy crge strategy.
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